On 24 May 2024, the Gambling Commission published four notices on its AML Hub, relating to recent changes to legislation and the Licence Conditions and Codes of Practice (“LCCP”) impacting the anti-money laundering (“AML”) and counter-terrorist financing (“CTF”) obligations of licensees.

These notices cover: (1) Scheduled LCCP update: new PML requirements; (2) High-risk third countries; (3) DAML exemption provisions for the regulated sector; and (4) Politically exposed persons.

We summarise each of the notices below.

1. Scheduled LCCP update: new PML requirements

On 1 May 2024, the Gambling Commission published its Summer 2023 consultation response, announcing it will introduce the changes to personal management licence (“PML”) requirements in the LCCP as proposed in the Summer 2023 consultation. For detailed analysis and insight into this announcement, as well as guides and tools for PMLs, please see our recent article White Paper Series: Changes to Personal Management Licences.

Specifically, the Gambling Commission will, from 29 November 2024, require the person responsible for a licensee’s AML and CTF function, as head of that function, to hold a PML. The Gambling Commission points out that this will include:

1. for holders of casino operating licences issued by the Gambling Commission (“Casino Licensees”):

1. the person responsible for compliance with The Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations (“MLRs”) (and appointed in accordance with the MLRs). Where appropriate, with regard to the size and nature of the business, this individual “will be a member of the casino’s board of directors (or equivalent management body if there is no board) or of its senior management…”; and
2. the person responsible for submission of reports of known or suspected money laundering or terrorist financing activity under the relevant legislation (and appointed in accordance with the MLRs), which will be the Casino Licensee’s nominated officer;

2. for holders of licences other than casino licences, where an individual has been appointed to submit reports of known or suspected money laundering or terrorist financing activity under the relevant legislation, that individual.

The above requirements apply to all licensees, except ancillary remote licensees. Small scale operators will also remain exempt from these requirements in accordance with licence condition 1.2.1 (6).

Key point

The Gambling Commission is now accepting PML applications for these roles and recommends that applications “should be submitted in good time so that the PMLs are in place on 29 November 2024.” Therefore, licensees must ensure PML applications for these roles (if they are currently occupied by individuals who are not PML holders) have been submitted and granted before the extended requirements come into force on 29 November 2024. 

2. High-risk third countries

Casino Licensees are required by the MLRs to conduct enhanced customer due diligence and enhanced ongoing monitoring in any business relationship with a person established in a high-risk third country or in relation to any relevant transaction where either of the parties to the transaction are established in a high-risk third country.

With effect from 23 January 2024, the MLRs were amended by The Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (High-Risk Countries) (Amendment) Regulations 2024 to update the meaning of a ‘high-risk third country’.

Instead of referring to a separate schedule that contained the list of high-risk third countries, regulation 33(3)(a) of the MLRs now defines a “high-risk third country” as “a country named on either of the following lists published by the Financial Action Task Force [“FATF”] as they have effect from time to time—

1. High-Risk Jurisdictions subject to a Call for Action;
2. Jurisdictions under Increased Monitoring;”.

The Gambling Commission has confirmed that it will update its The prevention of money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism guidance “in due course” to reference these changes.

Key point

In order to keep abreast of which countries are high-risk countries, Casino Licensees must refer directly to the lists published by the FATF of ‘Jurisdictions under Increased Monitoring’ and ‘High-Risk Jurisdictions subject to a Call for Action’. The Gambling Commission points out that these lists are updated 3 times a year on the final day of each FATF Plenary meeting, which is held every February, June and October. The dates of these meetings – which we recommend licensees diarise – are published several months in advance, in the FATF’s events calendar  and the FATF list of countries are updated and published in full on the FATF website.

3. Defence against money laundering (“DAML”) exemption provisions

On 26 October 2023, The Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 (“ECCT”), updated the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (“POCA”) and introduced two new exemptions to money laundering offences that apply to casinos (and other businesses in the regulated sectors).

1. Exemption from authorised disclosure requirement

Section 182 of the ECCT enacted an exemption under sections 327, 328 and 329 of POCA which affects paying away funds under £1,000 when exiting a relationship with a customer, where there is knowledge or suspicion of money laundering or criminal property.

This means that if a Casino Licensee has knowledge or suspicion of criminal property, it can transfer money or other property owing or belonging to a customer for the purposes of exiting that customer relationship, without needing to submit an authorised disclosure to the National Crime Agency (“NCA”), provided the value is less than £1,000 and any customer due diligence measures required under the MLRs have been completed before transferring or handing over the money or other property.

2. Exemption for mixed property transactions

Section 183 of the ECCT, enacted an exemption under sections 327, 328 and 329 of POCA for mixed property transactions which allows Casino Licensees to “ring-fence funds they believe are criminal property and transact with funds outside of those ring-fenced funds” where they know or suspect that part – but not all – of funds held on behalf of a customer are criminal property.

This exemption will apply provided:

1. it is not possible, at the time the act (i.e., the Casino Licensee’s transfer of funds) takes place, to identify the part of the funds or property that is the relevant criminal property; and
2. the value of the funds in the account or accounts, or of the property so held, is not, as a direct or indirect result of the act, less than the value of the relevant criminal property at the time of the act.

Key point

In both of the above circumstances, Casino Licensees will still need to report their suspicions of money laundering to the NCA, but are not required to submit an authorised disclosure and obtain consent from the NCA to avoid committing money laundering offences under sections 327, 328 and 329 of POCA. Importantly, these exemptions do not apply to non-Casino Licensees, so those businesses continue to be subject to authorised disclosure requirements in the above scenarios.

4. Politically exposed persons

With effect from 10 January 2024, the MLRs were amended by The Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Amendment) Regulations 2023 (“2023 Amendments”) to address the treatment of Politically Exposed Persons (“PEPs”) who are entrusted with prominent public functions by the UK, their family members and known close associates (collectively, “Domestic PEPs”).

The 2023 Amendments introduce a proportionate and risk-based scale for regulated firms in their assessment of a Domestic PEP vs non-Domestic PEP. Specifically, this means that Domestic PEPs must still be subject to enhanced customer due diligence measures, but should, as a starting point, be treated as lower relative risk than non-Domestic (or foreign) PEPs.

We have previously discussed the 2023 Amendments in our article Treatment of Domestic Politically Exposed Persons under the Money Laundering Regulations.

Key point

Casino Licensees must bear in mind that it remains critical that the individual risks posed by PEPs are still assessed on a case-by-case basis: any risk factors identified that do not concern the customer’s position as a Domestic PEP, may still give rise to the obligation to conduct enhanced customer due diligence.

Casino Licensees should also note that the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) is due to review and update its own PEP guidance by June 2024. Accordingly, the Gambling Commission’s guidance on the treatment of PEPs may be further updated, if there are amendments to the FCA’s guidance that the Gambling Commission considers should also apply in relation to Casino Licensees.

Next steps and Recommendations

Licensees should consider whether their money laundering and terrorist financing risk assessments, as well as their policies, procedures and controls, should be amended as a result of these changes and if so, ensure such amendments are prioritised.

Please get in touch with us if you would like assistance with PML applications, reviewing AML policies, procedures and risk assessments in the light of these updates, or with any other AML/CTF compliance matters.